मोड्युल:hi-translit

This module will transliterate Hindi language text.

The module should preferably not be called directly from templates or other modules. To use it from a template, use {{xlit}}. Within a module, use Module:languages#Language:transliterate.

For testcases, see Module:hi-translit/testcases.

Functions

tr(text, lang, sc)

Transliterates a given piece of text written in the script specified by sc, and language specified by lang. When the transliteration fails, returns nil.

---

-- Transliteration for Hindi (possibly other languages using Devanagari script, except for Sanskrit)

local export = {}
local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local match = mw.ustring.match

local conv = {
	-- consonants
	['क'] = 'k', ['ख'] = 'kh', ['ग'] = 'g', ['घ'] = 'gh', ['ङ'] = 'ṅ', 
	['च'] = 'c', ['छ'] = 'ch', ['ज'] = 'j', ['झ'] = 'jh', ['ञ'] = 'ñ', 
	['ट'] = 'ṭ', ['ठ'] = 'ṭh', ['ड'] = 'ḍ', ['ढ'] = 'ḍh', ['ण'] = 'ṇ',
	['त'] = 't', ['थ'] = 'th', ['द'] = 'd', ['ध'] = 'dh', ['न'] = 'n',
	['प'] = 'p', ['फ'] = 'ph', ['ब'] = 'b', ['भ'] = 'bh', ['म'] = 'm', 
	['य'] = 'y', ['र'] = 'r', ['ल'] = 'l', ['व'] = 'v', ['ळ'] = 'ḷ',
	['श'] = 'ś', ['ष'] = 'ṣ', ['स'] = 's', ['ह'] = 'h',
	['क़'] = 'q', ['ख़'] = 'x', ['ग़'] = 'ġ', ['ऴ'] = 'ḻ',
	['ज़'] = 'z', ['ष़'] = 'ḻ', ['झ़'] = 'ž', ['श़'] = 'ž', ['ड़'] = 'ṛ', ['ढ़'] = 'ṛh',
	['फ़'] = 'f', ['थ़'] = 'θ', ['ऩ'] = 'ṉ', ['ऱ'] = 'ṟ',
	-- ['ज्ञ'] = 'gy',

	-- vowel diacritics
	['ि'] = 'i', ['ु'] = 'u', ['े'] = 'e', ['ो'] = 'o',
    ['ॊ'] = 'ǒ', ['ॆ'] = 'ě',
	['ा'] = 'ā', ['ी'] = 'ī', ['ू'] = 'ū', 
	['ृ'] = 'ŕ',
	['ै'] = 'ai', ['ौ'] = 'au',
	['ॉ'] = 'ŏ',
	['ॅ'] = 'ĕ',

	-- vowel signs
	['अ'] = 'a', ['इ'] = 'i', ['उ'] = 'u', ['ए'] = 'e', ['ओ'] = 'o',
	['आ'] = 'ā', ['ई'] = 'ī', ['ऊ'] = 'ū', ['ऎ'] = 'ě', ['ऒ'] = 'ǒ',
	['ऋ'] = 'ŕ', 
	['ऐ'] = 'ai', ['औ'] = 'au', 
	['ऑ'] = 'ŏ',
	['ऍ'] = 'ĕ',
	
	['ॐ'] = 'om',
	
	-- chandrabindu
	['ँ'] = '̃',
	
	-- anusvara
	['ं'] = '̃',
	
	-- visarga
	['ः'] = 'ḥ',
	
	-- virama
	['्'] = '',
	
	-- numerals
	['०'] = '0', ['१'] = '1', ['२'] = '2', ['३'] = '3', ['४'] = '4',
	['५'] = '5', ['६'] = '6', ['७'] = '7', ['८'] = '8', ['९'] = '9',
	
	-- punctuation
	['।'] = '.', -- danda
	['॥'] = '.', -- double danda
	['+'] = '', -- compound separator
	
	-- abbreviation sign
	['॰'] = '.',
}

local nasal_assim_short = {
	['क'] = 'ङ', ['ख'] = 'ङ', ['ग'] = 'ङ', ['घ'] = 'ङ', ['ङ'] = 'ङ',
	['च'] = 'ञ', ['छ'] = 'ञ', ['ज'] = 'ञ', ['झ'] = 'ञ', ['ञ'] = 'ञ',  
	['ट'] = 'ण', ['ठ'] = 'ण', ['ड'] = 'ण', ['ढ'] = 'ण', ['ण'] = 'ण',
	['त'] = 'न', ['थ'] = 'न', ['द'] = 'न', ['ध'] = 'न', ['न'] = 'न',
	['प'] = 'म', ['फ'] = 'म', ['ब'] = 'म', ['भ'] = 'म', ['म'] = 'म',
	['व'] = 'म', ['य'] = 'ँ', ['ष'] = 'न', ['श'] = 'न', ['स'] = 'न',
	['ह'] = 'ँ'
}

local nasal_assim_long = {
	['क'] = 'ँ', ['ख'] = 'ँ', ['ग'] = 'ङ', ['घ'] = 'ङ', ['ङ'] = 'ङ',
	['च'] = 'ँ', ['छ'] = 'ँ', ['ज'] = 'ञ', ['झ'] = 'ञ', ['ञ'] = 'ञ',  
	['ट'] = 'ँ', ['ठ'] = 'ँ', ['ड'] = 'ण', ['ढ'] = 'ण', ['ण'] = 'ण',
	['त'] = 'न', ['थ'] = 'न', ['द'] = 'न', ['ध'] = 'न', ['न'] = 'न',
	['प'] = 'ँ', ['फ'] = 'ँ', ['ब'] = 'म', ['भ'] = 'म', ['म'] = 'म',
	['ह'] = 'ँ'
}

-- These clusters when occurring word-finally will not trigger a schwa added
-- after them even though the second consonant is in special_cons, which normally
-- causes the extra schwa to be added. NOTE: The clusters are reversed from their
-- ultimate effect, e.g. the first cluster is written 'ml' but actually applies
-- to words ending in 'lm'. The clusters below overall refer to the six clusters
-- describable by [rl][mnv], i.e. rm, rn, rv, lm, ln, lv.
local perm_cl = {
	['म्ल'] = true, ['व्ल'] = true, ['न्ल'] = true,
	['म्र'] = true, ['व्र'] = true, ['न्र'] = true,
}

local all_cons, special_cons = 'कखगघङचछजझञटठडढतथदधपफबभशषसयरलवहणनम', 'यरलवहनम'
local vowel, vowel_sign = '*aिुृेोाीूैौॉॅॆॊ\'', 'अइउएओआईऊऋऐऔऑऍ\''
local long_vowel, short_vowel = 'ाीूआईऊ', '*aिुृॉॅॆॊअइउऋऑऍोैौेओऔएऐ\''
local syncope_pattern = '([' .. vowel .. vowel_sign .. '])(़?[' .. all_cons .. '])a(़?[' .. all_cons .. '])([ंँ]?[' .. vowel .. vowel_sign .. '])'

local function rev_string(text)
	local result, length = {}, mw.ustring.len(text)
	for i = length, 1, -1 do
		table.insert(result, mw.ustring.sub(text, i, i))
	end
	return table.concat(result)
end

function export.tr(text, lang, sc)
	--force word-final anusvara to behave as a pure nasal
	text = gsub(text, 'ं$', 'ँ')
	text = gsub(text, 'ं ', 'ँ ')
	text = gsub(text, 'ं%-', 'ँ-')
	--abbreviation dot
	text = gsub(text, '॰', '.')
	text = gsub(text, '([' .. all_cons .. ']़?)([' .. vowel .. '्]?)', function(c, d)
		return c .. (d == "" and 'a' or d) end)
	for word in mw.ustring.gmatch(text, "[ऀ-ॿa*]+") do
		local orig_word = word
		word = rev_string(word)
		word = gsub(word, '^a(़?)([' .. all_cons .. '])(.)(.?)', function(opt, first, second, third)
			return (((match(first, '[' .. special_cons .. ']') and match(second, '्') and not perm_cl[first..second..third])
				or match(first .. second, 'य[ी]'))
				and 'a' or "") .. opt .. first .. second .. third end)
		while match(word, syncope_pattern) do
			word = gsub(word, syncope_pattern, '%1%2%3%4')
		end
		word = rev_string(word)
		--sometimes chandrabindu != anusvara
		word = gsub(word, '([' .. short_vowel .. long_vowel .. '])ं([सशषवय])', function(prev, succ)
			return prev .. (nasal_assim_short[succ] or "̃") .. succ
		end)
		word = gsub(word, '([' .. short_vowel .. long_vowel .. '])ँ([सशषवय])', function(prev, succ)
			return prev .. "̃" .. succ
		end)
		--force chandrabindu to behave as anusvara
		word = gsub(word, 'ँ', 'ं')
		word = gsub(word, '([' .. short_vowel .. '])ं(.़?)', function(prev, succ)
			return prev .. (nasal_assim_short[succ] or "̃") .. succ
		end)
		word = gsub(word, '([' .. long_vowel .. '])ं(.़?)', function(prev, succ)
			return prev .. (nasal_assim_long[succ] or "̃") .. succ
		end)
		-- Convert * to %* so we can match it in a regex.
		local escaped_orig_word = gsub(orig_word, "%*", "%*")
		text = gsub(text, escaped_orig_word, word)
	end
	text = gsub(text, '.़?', conv)
	text = gsub(text, 'a([iu])̃', 'a͠%1')
    text = gsub(text, 'jñ', 'gy')
    text = gsub(text, 'ñz', 'nz')
    text = gsub(text, 'ṇṛ', 'nz')
    text = gsub(text, '%*', 'a')
	return mw.ustring.toNFC(text)
end

return export